Recht Iets meer Voorbeeld Officiële tekst Vraag en antwoord Beginscherm

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Het recht op sociale bescherming: officiële teksten

Universele Verklaring van de Rechten van de Mens

Artikel 22

Een ieder heeft als lid van de gemeenschap recht op maatschappelijke zekerheid en heeft er aanspraak op, dat door middel van nationale inspanning en internationale samenwerking, en overeenkomstig de organisatie en de hulpbronnen van de betreffende Staat, de economische, sociale en culturele rechten, die onmisbaar zijn voor zijn waardigheid en voor de vrije ontplooiing van zijn persoonlijkheid, verwezenlijkt worden.

Internationaal Verdrag inzake Economische, Sociale en Culturele Rechten

 Artikel 9

De Staten die partij zijn bij dit Verdrag erkennen het recht van een ieder op sociale zekerheid, daarbij inbegrepen sociale verzekering.

Artikel 10

1. De grootst mogelijke bescherming en bijstand dient te worden verleend aan het gezin, dat de natuurlijke en fundamentele kern van de maatschappij vormt, in het bijzonder bij de stichting daarvan en zolang het de verantwoording draagt voor de zorg voor en opvoeding van kinderen die nog niet in eigen levensonderhoud kunnen voorzien. Een huwelijk moet door de aanstaande echtgenoten uit vrije wil worden aangegaan.

2. Aan moeders dient bijzondere bescherming te worden verleend gedurende een redelijke periode voor en na de geboorte van hun kind. Gedurende deze periode dient aan werkende moeders verlof met behoud van loon of verlof gekoppeld aan passende uitkeringen krachtens de sociale zekerheidswetgeving te worden toegekend.

3. Bijzondere maatregelen ter bescherming van en ter verlening van bijstand aan kinderen en jeugdige personen dienen te worden genomen zonder enigerlei discriminatie ter zake van afstamming of anderszins. Kinderen en jeugdige personen dienen te worden beschermd tegen economische en sociale uitbuiting. Tewerkstelling van zulke personen voor het verrichten van arbeid die schadelijk is voor hun zedelijk of lichamelijk welzijn, levensgevaar oplevert, dan wel groot gevaar inhoudt dat hun normale ontwikkeling zal worden geremd, dient strafbaar te zijn bij de wet. De Staten dienen tevens leeftijdsgrenzen vast te stellen waarbeneden het verrichten van loonarbeid door kinderen verboden en strafbaar bij de wet dient te zijn.

Europees Sociaal Handvest

Article 7 - The right of children and young persons to protection

 With a view to ensuring the effective exercise of the right of children and young persons to protection, the Parties undertake:

1 to provide that the minimum age of admission to employment shall be 15 years, subject to exceptions for children employed in prescribed light work without harm to their health, morals or education;

2 to provide that the minimum age of admission to employment shall be 18 years with respect to prescribed occupations regarded as dangerous or unhealthy;

3 to provide that persons who are still subject to compulsory education shall not be employed in such work as would deprive them of the full benefit of their education;

4 to provide that the working hours of persons under 18 years of age shall be limited in accordance with the needs of their development, and particularly with their need for vocational training;

5 to recognise the right of young workers and apprentices to a fair wage or other appropriate allowances;

6 to provide that the time spent by young persons in vocational training during the normal working hours with the consent of the employer shall be treated as forming part of the working day;

7 to provide that employed persons of under 18 years of age shall be entitled to a minimum of four weeks' annual holiday with pay;

8 to provide that persons under 18 years of age shall not be employed in night work with the exception of certain occupations provided for by national laws or regulations;

9 to provide that persons under 18 years of age employed in occupations prescribed by national laws or regulations shall be subject to regular medical control;

10 to ensure special protection against physical and moral dangers to which children and young persons are exposed, and particularly against those resulting directly or indirectly from their work.

Article 8 - The right of employed women to protection of maternity

 With a view to ensuring the effective exercise of the right of employed women to the protection of maternity, the Parties undertake:

1 to provide either by paid leave, by adequate social security benefits or by benefits from public funds for employed women to take leave before and after childbirth up to a total of at least fourteen weeks;

2 to consider it as unlawful for an employer to give a woman notice of dismissal during the period from the time she notifies her employer that she is pregnant until the end of her maternity leave, or to give her notice of dismissal at such a time that the notice would expire during such a period;

3 to provide that mothers who are nursing their infants shall be entitled to sufficient time off for this purpose;

4 to regulate the employment in night work of pregnant women, women who have recently given birth and women nursing their infants;

5 to prohibit the employment of pregnant women, women who have recently given birth or who are nursing their infants in underground mining and all other work which is unsuitable by reason of its dangerous, unhealthy or arduous nature and to take appropriate measures to protect the employment rights of these women.

Article 12 - The right to social security

 With a view to ensuring the effective exercise of the right to social security, the Parties undertake:

1 to establish or maintain a system of social security;

2 to maintain the social security system at a satisfactory level at least equal to that necessary for the ratification of the European Code of Social Security;

3 to endeavour to raise progressively the system of social security to a higher level;

4 to take steps, by the conclusion of appropriate bilateral and multilateral agreements or by other means, and subject to the conditions laid down in such agreements, in order to ensure:

a equal treatment with their own nationals of the nationals of other Parties in respect of social security rights, including the retention of benefits arising out of social security legislation, whatever movements the persons protected may undertake between the territories of the Parties;

b the granting, maintenance and resumption of social security rights by such means as the accumulation of insurance or employment periods completed under the legislation of each of the Parties.

Article 13 - The right to social and medical assistance

 With a view to ensuring the effective exercise of the right to social and medical assistance, the Parties undertake:

1 to ensure that any person who is without adequate resources and who is unable to secure such resources either by his own efforts or from other sources, in particular by benefits under a social security scheme, be granted adequate assistance, and, in case of sickness, the care necessitated by his condition;

2 to ensure that persons receiving such assistance shall not, for that reason, suffer from a diminution of their political or social rights;

3 to provide that everyone may receive by appropriate public or private services such advice and personal help as may be required to prevent, to remove, or to alleviate personal or family want;

4 to apply the provisions referred to in paragraphs 1, 2 and 3 of this article on an equal footing with their nationals to nationals of other Parties lawfully within their territories, in accordance with their obligations under the European Convention on Social and Medical Assistance, signed at Paris on 11 December 1953.

Article 14 - The right to benefit from social welfare services

 With a view to ensuring the effective exercise of the right to benefit from social welfare services, the Parties undertake:

1 to promote or provide services which, by using methods of social work, would contribute to the welfare and development of both individuals and groups in the community, and to their adjustment to the social environment;

2 to encourage the participation of individuals and voluntary or other organisations in the establishment and maintenance of such services.

Article 16 - The right of the family to social, legal and economic protection

 With a view to ensuring the necessary conditions for the full development of the family, which is a fundamental unit of society, the Parties undertake to promote the economic, legal and social protection of family life by such means as social and family benefits, fiscal arrangements, provision of family housing, benefits for the newly married and other appropriate means.

Article 17 - The right of children and young persons to social, legal and economic protection

 With a view to ensuring the effective exercise of the right of children and young persons to grow up in an environment which encourages the full development of their personality and of their physical and mental capacities, the Parties undertake, either directly or in co-operation with public and private organisations, to take all appropriate and necessary measures designed:

1
a) to ensure that children and young persons, taking account of the rights and duties of their parents, have the care, the assistance, the education and the training they need, in particular by providing for the establishment or maintenance of institutions and services sufficient and adequate for this purpose;
b) to protect children and young persons against negligence, violence or exploitation;
c) to provide protection and special aid from the state for children and young persons temporarily or definitively deprived of their family's support;

2 to provide to children and young persons a free primary and secondary education as well as to encourage regular attendance at schools.

Article 19 - The right of migrant workers and their families to protection and assistance

 With a view to ensuring the effective exercise of the right of migrant workers and their families to protection and assistance in the territory of any other Party, the Parties undertake:

1 to maintain or to satisfy themselves that there are maintained adequate and free services to assist such workers, particularly in obtaining accurate information, and to take all appropriate steps, so far as national laws and regulations permit, against misleading propaganda relating to emigration and immigration;

2 to adopt appropriate measures within their own jurisdiction to facilitate the departure, journey and reception of such workers and their families, and to provide, within their own jurisdiction, appropriate services for health, medical attention and good hygienic conditions during the journey;

3 to promote co-operation, as appropriate, between social services, public and private, in emigration and immigration countries;

4 to secure for such workers lawfully within their territories, insofar as such matters are regulated by law or regulations or are subject to the control of administrative authorities, treatment not less favourable than that of their own nationals in respect of the following matters:

a remuneration and other employment and working conditions;
b membership of trade unions and enjoyment of the benefits of collective bargaining;
c accommodation;

5 to secure for such workers lawfully within their territories treatment not less favourable than that of their own nationals with regard to employment taxes, dues or contributions payable in respect of employed persons;

6 to facilitate as far as possible the reunion of the family of a foreign worker permitted to establish himself in the territory;

7 to secure for such workers lawfully within their territories treatment not less favourable than that of their own nationals in respect of legal proceedings relating to matters referred to in this article;

8 to secure that such workers lawfully residing within their territories are not expelled unless they endanger national security or offend against public interest or morality;

9 to permit, within legal limits, the transfer of such parts of the earnings and savings of such workers as they may desire;

10 to extend the protection and assistance provided for in this article to self-employed migrants insofar as such measures apply;

11 to promote and facilitate the teaching of the national language of the receiving state or, if there are several, one of these languages, to migrant workers and members of their families;

12 to promote and facilitate, as far as practicable, the teaching of the migrant worker's mother tongue to the children of the migrant worker.

Article 23 - The right of elderly persons to social protection

 With a view to ensuring the effective exercise of the right of elderly persons to social protection, the Parties undertake to adopt or encourage, either directly or in co-operation with public or private organisations, appropriate measures designed in particular:

• to enable elderly persons to remain full members of society for as long as possible, by means of:

a adequate resources enabling them to lead a decent life and play an active part in public, social and cultural life;
b provision of information about services and facilities available for elderly persons and their opportunities to make use of them;

• to enable elderly persons to choose their life-style freely and to lead independent lives in their familiar surroundings for as long as they wish and are able, by means of:

a provision of housing suited to their needs and their state of health or of adequate support for adapting their housing;
b the health care and the services necessitated by their state;

• to guarantee elderly persons living in institutions appropriate support, while respecting their privacy, and participation in decisions concerning living conditions in the institution.

Article 25 - The right of workers to the protection of their claims in the event of the insolvency of their employer

 With a view to ensuring the effective exercise of the right of workers to the protection of their claims in the event of the insolvency of their employer, the Parties undertake to provide that workers' claims arising from contracts of employment or employment relationships be guaranteed by a guarantee institution or by any other effective form of protection.

Article E - Non-discrimination

 The enjoyment of the rights set forth in this Charter shall be secured without discrimination on any ground such as race, colour, sex, language, religion, political or other opinion, national extraction or social origin, health, association with a national minority, birth or other status.

Article F - Derogations in time of war or public emergency

 1 In time of war or other public emergency threatening the life of the nation any Party may take measures derogating from its obligations under this Charter to the extent strictly required by the exigencies of the situation, provided that such measures are not inconsistent with its other obligations under international law.

2 Any Party which has availed itself of this right of derogation shall, within a reasonable lapse of time, keep the Secretary General of the Council of Europe fully informed of the measures taken and of the reasons therefor. It shall likewise inform the Secretary General when such measures have ceased to operate and the provisions of the Charter which it has accepted are again being fully executed.

Artikel G - Restrictions

 1. The rights and principles set forth in Part I when effectively realised, and their effective exercise as provided for in Part II, shall not be subject to any restrictions or limitations not specified in those parts, except such as are prescribed by law and are necessary in a democratic society for the protection of the rights and freedoms of others or for the protection of public interest, national security, public health, or morals.

2. The restrictions permitted under this Charter to the rights and obligations set forth herein shall not be applied for any purpose other than that for which they have been prescribed.