Het recht op tewerkstelling: officiële teksten
Universele Verklaring van de Rechten van de Mens
Artikel 23
1. Een ieder heeft recht op arbeid, op vrije keuze van beroep, op rechtvaardige en gunstige arbeidsvoorwaarden en op bescherming tegen werkloosheid.
2. Een ieder, zonder enige achterstelling, heeft recht op gelijk loon voor gelijke arbeid.
3. Een ieder, die arbeid verricht, heeft recht op een rechtvaardige en gunstige beloning, welke hem en zijn gezin een menswaardig bestaan verzekert, welke beloning zo nodig met andere middelen van sociale bescherming zal worden aangevuld.
4. Een ieder heeft recht om vakverenigingen op te richten en zich daarbij aan te sluiten ter bescherming van zijn belangen.
Internationaal Verdrag inzake Economische, Sociale en Culturele Rechten
Artikel 6
1. De Staten die partij zijn bij dit Verdrag erkennen het recht op arbeid, hetgeen insluit het recht van een ieder op de mogelijkheid in zijn onderhoud te voorzien door middel van vrijelijk gekozen of aanvaarde werkzaamheden; zij nemen passende maatregelen om dit recht veilig te stellen.
2. De door een Staat die partij is bij dit Verdrag te nemen maatregelen ter volledige verwezenlijking van dit recht, dienen onder meer te omvatten technische programma's, programma's voor beroepskeuzevoorlichting en opleidingsprogramma's, alsmede het voeren van een beleid en de toepassing van technieken gericht op gestadige economische, sociale en culturele ontwikkeling en op het scheppen van volledige gelegenheid tot het verrichten van produktieve arbeid onder omstandigheden die de individuele mens het genot waarborgen van de fundamentele politieke en economische vrijheden.
Artikel 7
De Staten die partij zijn bij dit Verdrag erkennen het recht van een ieder op billijke en gunstige arbeidsvoorwaarden, die in het bijzonder het volgende waarborgen:
a. Een beloning die alle werknemers als minimum het volgende verschaft:
i. Een billijk loon en gelijke beloning voor werk van gelijke waarde zonder onderscheid van welke aard ook; in het bijzonder dienen aan vrouwen arbeidsvoorwaarden te worden gewaarborgd die niet onderdoen voor die welke op mannen van toepassing zijn, met gelijke beloning voor gelijk werk;
ii. Een behoorlijk levenspeil voor henzelf en hun gezin overeenkomstig de bepaling van dit Verdrag;
b. Veilige en hygiënische arbeidsomstandigheden;
c. Gelijke kansen voor een ieder op bevordering in zijn werk naar een passende hogere positie, waarbij geen andere overwegingen mogen gelden dan die van anciënniteit en bekwaamheid;
d. Rustpauzen, vrije tijd en een redelijke duur van de werktijd en periodieke vakanties met behoud van loon, alsmede behoud van loon op algemeen erkende feestdagen.
Europees Sociaal Handvest
Article 1 - The right to work
With a view to ensuring the effective exercise of the right to work, the Parties undertake:
1 to accept as one of their primary aims and responsibilities the achievement and maintenance of as high and stable a level of employment as possible, with a view to the attainment of full employment;
2 to protect effectively the right of the worker to earn his living in an occupation freely entered upon;
3 to establish or maintain free employment services for all workers;
4 to provide or promote appropriate vocational guidance, training and rehabilitation.
Article 2 - The right to just conditions of work
With a view to ensuring the effective exercise of the right to just conditions of work, the Parties undertake:
1 to provide for reasonable daily and weekly working hours, the working week to be progressively reduced to the extent that the increase of productivity and other relevant factors permit;
2 to provide for public holidays with pay;
3 to provide for a minimum of four weeks' annual holiday with pay;
4 to eliminate risks in inherently dangerous or unhealthy occupations, and where it has not yet been possible to eliminate or reduce sufficiently these risks, to provide for either a reduction of working hours or additional paid holidays for workers engaged in such occupations;
5 to ensure a weekly rest period which shall, as far as possible, coincide with the day recognised by tradition or custom in the country or region concerned as a day of rest;
6 to ensure that workers are informed in written form, as soon as possible, and in any event not later than two months after the date of commencing their employment, of the essential aspects of the contract or employment relationship;
7 to ensure that workers performing night work benefit from measures which take account of the special nature of the work.
Article 3 - The right to safe and healthy working conditions
With a view to ensuring the effective exercise of the right to safe and healthy working conditions, the Parties undertake, in consultation with employers' and workers' organisations:
1 to formulate, implement and periodically review a coherent national policy on occupational safety, occupational health and the working environment. The primary aim of this policy shall be to improve occupational safety and health and to prevent accidents and injury to health arising out of, linked with or occurring in the course of work, particularly by minimising the causes of hazards inherent in the working environment;
2 to issue safety and health regulations;
3 to provide for the enforcement of such regulations by measures of supervision;
4 to promote the progressive development of occupational health services for all workers with essentially preventive and advisory functions.
Article 4 - The right to a fair remuneration
With a view to ensuring the effective exercise of the right to a fair remuneration, the Parties undertake:
1 to recognise the right of workers to a remuneration such as will give them and their families a decent standard of living;
2 to recognise the right of workers to an increased rate of remuneration for overtime work, subject to exceptions in particular cases;
3 to recognise the right of men and women workers to equal pay for work of equal value;
4 to recognise the right of all workers to a reasonable period of notice for termination of employment;
5 to permit deductions from wages only under conditions and to the extent prescribed by national laws or regulations or fixed by collective agreements or arbitration awards.
The exercise of these rights shall be achieved by freely concluded collective agreements, by statutory wage-fixing machinery, or by other means appropriate to national conditions.
Article 24 - The right to protection in cases of termination of employment
With a view to ensuring the effective exercise of the right of workers to protection in cases of termination of employment, the Parties undertake to recognise:
a the right of all workers not to have their employment terminated without valid reasons for such termination connected with their capacity or conduct or based on the operational requirements of the undertaking, establishment or service;
b the right of workers whose employment is terminated without a valid reason to adequate compensation or other appropriate relief.
To this end the Parties undertake to ensure that a worker who considers that his employment has been terminated without a valid reason shall have the right to appeal to an impartial body.
Article E - Non-discrimination
The enjoyment of the rights set forth in this Charter shall be secured without discrimination on any ground such as race, colour, sex, language, religion, political or other opinion, national extraction or social origin, health, association with a national minority, birth or other status.
Article F - Derogations in time of war or public emergency
1 In time of war or other public emergency threatening the life of the nation any Party may take measures derogating from its obligations under this Charter to the extent strictly required by the exigencies of the situation, provided that such measures are not inconsistent with its other obligations under international law.
2 Any Party which has availed itself of this right of derogation shall, within a reasonable lapse of time, keep the Secretary General of the Council of Europe fully informed of the measures taken and of the reasons therefor. It shall likewise inform the Secretary General when such measures have ceased to operate and the provisions of the Charter which it has accepted are again being fully executed.
Artikel G - Restrictions
1. The rights and principles set forth in Part I when effectively realised, and their effective exercise as provided for in Part II, shall not be subject to any restrictions or limitations not specified in those parts, except such as are prescribed by law and are necessary in a democratic society for the protection of the rights and freedoms of others or for the protection of public interest, national security, public health, or morals.
2. The restrictions permitted under this Charter to the rights and obligations set forth herein shall not be applied for any purpose other than that for which they have been prescribed.